ANOMALY :
Something that deviates from what is normal, standard or expected.
A statistical anomaly is an occurrence when something fall out of a normal scope for one group but at the same time it is not a result of being that group.
In web analytics anomalies detection plays a crucial role for site owners. For example here is a picture of a page views chart, generated by t.onthe.io. At 15.15 something happened, so there were no page views on a site. It is an anomaly, so the developers should find the problem and fix it.
The best example of a statistical anomaly is a person who has survived after a flight accident. Assuming there is a plane that crashed somewhere in the jungle. According to number of sold tickets, there were 30 passengers aboard. None of the passengers survived. While investigating plane crash, it appeared that one of the passengers missed departure time and didn’t get that flight.
So, this person changed the normal range of passengers group but not in a result of being a member of that group.
In fact, this lucky person is an example of statistical anomaly. Sometimes statistical anomaly is compared to guardian angel as it saves peoples lives.
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